WANG Zhengyan graduated from Tongji Medical University in 1984 and began her career as a doctor at Wuhan Hankou Hospital (formerly Hankou Railway Hospital). After 11 years as a resident physician in internal medicine, she worked as a general practitioner at four outpatient stations at the hospital and eventually became a community physician.

She officially retired on December 23, 2009. On September 25, she was voted "Good Doctor in My Mind" by more than 36,000 citizens by secret ballot, out of more than 20,000 doctors. She was awarded "Jiangcheng Good Doctor" and "Wuhan Excellent Community Doctor" by the Municipal Health Bureau. In 2010, Wang Zhengyan was awarded "National Advanced Individual in Medical and Health System" and employed as a part-time professor in Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. On September 20, 2011, she won the title of National Model of Dedication in the Third National Moral Model Selection. On February 13, 2012, Wang Zhengyan was appointed as the honorary president of Wuhan Hankou Hospital. On December 12, 2019, she was selected as "National Advanced Individual for Retired Cadres" by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee.