Pathology
Introduction
I. Basic Information
Code: 1001011
Classes: 104 including 50 lectures and 54 practices
Credits: 6.5
Teaching Department: Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
II. Attribution and involvement of Pathology
Pathology is the study of structural and functional abnormalities that are expressed as diseases of organs and systems. It is a bridge between basic science and clinic medicine. The four aspects of the disease process that form the core of pathology are the underlying cause (etiology), the mechanism of development (pathogenesis), the structural alteration induced in the cells and organs of the body (morphologic change), and the functional consequence of the morphologic change as well as the signs and symptoms of the patient (clinical significance). The study of pathology is divided into general pathology and systematic pathology. General pathology is the current principal understanding of causes, mechanisms and characteristics of the major categories of diseases. Systematic pathology is the description of specific diseases of individual organs or systems. The problem-oriented approach and disease-oriented approach are successful ways of studying pathology.
III. Teachingplan
Contents |
Lecture |
Small Lecture |
Lab |
Chapter 1 Cell adaptation and injury; Chapter 2 Repair |
6 |
3 |
3 |
Chapter 3 Hemodynamic derangement |
4 |
3 |
3 |
Chapter 4 Inflammation |
6 |
3 |
6 |
Chapter 5 Neoplasm |
6 |
3 |
6 |
Chapter 6 Diseases of the cardiovascular system |
6 |
3 |
|
Chapter 7 Diseases of respiratory system |
4 |
3 |
|
Chapter 8 Alimentary systemdiseases |
6 |
3 |
3 |
Chapter 10 Diseases of urinary system |
4 |
3 |
3 |
Chapter 14 Infectious Diseases |
4 |
3 |
|
Chapter 15 Diseases caused by protozoa |
4 |
3 |
|
Total |
50 |
18 |
36 |
IV.Textbook
1. TangJianwu, et al. A text book of Pathology (1stedition). Jilin Science andTechnologyPublishing House, 2005. 8
2. KumarV,Cotran RS, Robbins SL. Robbins Basic Pathology(7thedition).
Beijing: Peking Unversity Medical Press, 2003.9
3. Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th edition, 2004.8
V.Website
VI. Course Assessment
20% experiment; 80% final examination
Contents
Introduction
I. Purpose and requirements
1. Understand the attribution and involvements ofPathology.
2. Understand the fields and approach to studyPathology.
3. Understand the history and evolution ofPathology.
II. Definition
pathology, biopsy, organ pathology, cellular pathology, molecular pathology，genetic pathology
Chapter 1 Adaptation and Injury of the Cell and Tissue
I. Purpose and requirements
1. Grasp the concepts, types and pathologic changes ofatrophy,hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and metaplasia.
2. Understand the ultrastructure of injured cells.
3. Grasp the common types of degeneration; Grasp the concepts,etiology,pathogenesis and morphology of each degeneration; Understand the outcomes of them and their influences on thebody.
4. Familiar with the concepts and pathologic changes of pathologic pigmentation and calcification.
5. Grasp the concept, type, pathologic changes and outcome of necrosis.
6. Understand the concept and pathogenesis of apoptosis.
7. Understand the concept and pathogenesis of cellular aging.
II. Key points and Difficulties
1. Typesand morphologies of common adaptations.
2. Concepts of cellular and tissueinjury.
3. Typesof cellular and tissueinjury.
4. Concept, pathogenesis and morphology of every kind of degeneration.
5. Concept and morphologic characteristic of cell necrosis.
6. Ultrastructure and pathogenesis of cellinjury.
III. Contents and main points
1. Adaptation of cell and tissue; Concepts, types and pathologic changes ofatrophy,hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and metaplasia.
2. Concepts of cellular and tissueinjury.Ultrastructure and pathogenesis of cellinjury.
3. Typesof cellular and tissue injury; Concepts and characteristics of degeneration and pathologic pigmentation; Concepts,etiology,pathogenesis and morphology of cellular swelling, fatty change, hyaline degeneration, amyloid change, mucoid degeneration, pathologic calcification.
4. Typesof cell death; Concept and morphology of apoptosis; Differences from necrosis; Concept, pathologic changes, type and pathogenesis of necrosis; Pathologic changes of each type; Outcome of necrosis.
5. Etiology and pathogenesis of cellinjury.
6. Concept and pathogenesis of cell aging.
IV.Definition
adaptation, injury, atrophy, hypertrophy, compensatory hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, degeneration，hydropic degeneration, fatty change, hyaline change, amyloidosis, lipofuscin，pathological calcification，necrosis，coagulation necrosis, caseous necrosis, liquefactive necrosis, apoptosis，programmed cell death, gangrene,
fibrinoid necrosis, cellular aging
V.Questions
1. What is adaptation? What are the types of adaptation? What are their characteristics?
2. What are the types of metaplasia and their significances?
3. What is atrophy? What are the common etiologies of pathologic atrophy?
4. What is degeneration? What are the types of degeneration and their clinical significances?
5. What is apoptosis? What is necrosis? What are their differences?
6. What are the types, characteristics, and outcome of necrosis?
Chapter 2 Tissue Repair
I. Purpose and requirements
1. Grasp the concepts of regeneration andrepair.
2. Grasp the two types of repair.
3. Grasp the proliferative capacities of tissue.
4. Grasp the concept and morphology of granulation tissue.
5. Familiar with the concept and types of wound healing.
II. Key points and Difficulties
1. Basic rules of repair after tissueinjury.
2. The concept,morphology,and function of granulation tissue.
III. Contents and main points
1. Concept of repair; Concept and types of regeneration; Proliferative capacities of different tissues; Regeneration process and mechanisms of epithelium, fibrous tissue, muscle tissue, vessels, and nerve tissue.
2. Concept, structure, function, and outcome of granulation tissue.
3. Process and types of wound healing; Factors that influence the regeneration.
IV.Definition
repair, regeneration, organization, granulation tissue
V.Questions
1. What is the basic process of wound healing?
2. What is granulation tissue and what is its function?
3. What are the factors that influence wound healing?
Chapter 3 Hemodynamic Derangement
I. Purpose and requirements
1. Grasp the concepts and characteristics of hyperemia and congestion.
2. Grasp the concepts, pathologic changes, and effects of thrombosis.
3. Grasp the concepts, pathologic changes, and effects of embolism.
4. Grasp the concepts, pathologic changes, and effects of infarction.
II. Key points and Difficulties
1. Concept and outcome of congestion; Pathogenesis and morphology of lung congestion and liver congestion.
2. Concept, requirement, and outcome of thrombosis.
3. Concept of embolism; Moving pathway of embolus; Pathologic changes and outcome of thromboembolism.
4. Concept and pathologic changes of infarction.
III. Contents and main points
1. Concept and types of hyperemia; Causes, pathologic changes, and significance of arterial hyperemia; Causes, pathologic changes, and outcome of congestion; Pathogenesis and morphology of lung congestion and liver congestion.
2. Concept,etiology,types, pathologic changes, and effects of hemorrhage.
3. Concepts of thrombosis and thrombus; Requirement and mechanism of thrombosis; Process of thrombosis;Types,outcome, and effects of thrombus.
4. Concepts of embolism and embolus;Typesand moving pathway of embolus; Outcome of thromboembolism, fat embolism, air embolism, and amniotic fluid embolism.
5. Concept,etiology,and morphology of infarction; Requirements and pathologic changes of anemic infarction and hemorrhagic infarction; Effects and outcome of infarction.
6. Concept,etiology,types, and morphology of edema.
IV.Definitionhyperemia, congestion, heart failure cells, nutmeg liver, hemorrhage,
thrombosis, thrombus, recanalization, embolism, embolus, thromboembolism，ischemia，infarction
V.Questions
1. What is hyperemia? What are the two types of hyperemia?
2. What is congestion? What are the pathologic changes and outcome of congestion? Please give some examples.
3. What is thrombosis? What are the requirements of thrombosis?
4. What are the effects of thrombosis?
5. What is embolism? What are the moving pathways of embolus?
6. What is infarction? What are common causes of infarction?
7. What are the requirements and favored sites of hemorrhagic infarction?
Chapter 4 Acute and chronic inflammation
I. Purpose and requirements
1. Understand the concept and causes of inflammation; understand the local signs and systemic responses of inflammation
2. Master the basic pathologic changes of inflammation (alteration, exudation and proliferation)and the pathogenesis of inflammation。
3. Understand the functional role of inflammatory mediators in the process of inflammation and its significance
4. Master the classification, characteristics and outcomes of acute inflammation.
5. Master the pathologic features of chronic inflammation. Master the concept of granuloma and its pathologic features.
II. Key points and Difficulties
1. Concept, the basic pathologic changes and pathogenesis of inflammation. Exudation of white blood cell and its function.
2. Characteristics, outcomes of different types of acute inflammation.
3. Characteristics of different types of chronic inflammation.
III. Contents and main points
1. Concept and etiology of inflammation. The basic pathologic changes (alteration, exudation and proliferation) and etiology of inflammation.
2. Concept, origin and functional role of inflammatory mediator.
3. Process, mechanism and function of exudation of fluid and white blood cells in acute inflammation.
4. Characteristic, types and pathologic changes of acute inflammation (serous inflammation, fibrinous inflammation, suppurative inflammation and hemorrhagic inflammation). Outcomes of acute inflammation.
5. Concept, characteristic and types of chronic inflammation.Concept,
characteristic and types of granuloma.
6. local signs and systemic responses of inflammation。
IV.Definition
Inflammation, alteration, exudation, transcytosis, inflammatory mediator, growth factor, cytokine, chemokine, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, bacteremia, toxemia, septicemia, pyemia, serous inflammation, fibrinous inflammation, suppurative or purulent inflammation, empyema, abscess, phlegmonous inflammation, hemorrhagic inflammation, granulomatous inflammation,
epithelioid cell.
V.Questions
1. What are the basic changes of inflammation? What are their pathologic features?
2. What’s exudation? What’s its significance in inflammation?
3. What’s inflammatory mediator? What are their major functions in inflammation?
4. What’s cellular infiltration? What are the types of leukocytes and what are their functional implications?
5. What are the types of suppurative inflammation? Illustrate the characteristics of different types of suppurative inflammation with examples.
6. Briefly state the common sites and characteristics of fibrinous inflammation.
7. What are the local signs of acute inflammation and what are the mechanisms?
8. What is granuloma？Illustrate the characteristics of granulomawith
examples.
9. What are the outcomes of inflammation?
Chapter 5 Neoplasm
I. Purpose and requirements
1．Master concept ofneoplasm，morphologyand structure of the tumor, the growth patterns and the metastatic routes of the tumor; The effect of tumor on the human body; the nomenclature and the classification of the tumor,
precancerous lesions and carcinoma in situ cancer; the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor, the difference between cancer and sarcoma. It is the good part of the common tumor, the characteristics of the shape and the influence of the body;The classification and stages of the tumor;The pathology of the tumor.
2．Familiar with the predilection sites, mopholoigcal features and effects to
body of common tumors; The grading and staging of the tumor; Pathological examination of tumor.
3．Understand the basic theory of tumor development, the mechanism of
tumor invasion and metastasis; The common carcinogenic factors and their carcinogenic characteristics, oncogenes and their products, tumor suppressor genes and their products.
II. Key points and Difficulties
1. The differences between neoplastic hyperplasia and non-neoplastic hyperplasia.
2. Atypia of neoplasm.
3. Growth pattern and spreading of neoplasm.
4. Effects of tumor to humanbody.The difference between a benign and a malignanttumor.
5. Classification and nomenclature of neoplasm. Difference between cancer and sarcoma.
III. Contents and main points
1．Concept of neoplasm. The differences between neoplastic hyperplasia and non-neoplastic hyperplasia. The common morphology and structure of neoplasm.
2．Atypia of neoplasm. Metabolic features of neoplasm.
3．Growth dynamics, growth pattern, spreading, heterogeneity, grading and staging of tumors.
4．Effects of tumor to human body. The difference between benign and
malignant tumors.
5．Classification and nomenclature of neoplasm.Typesand morphological features of epithelial tumors (benign and malignant). Concept of precancerous lesion and carcinoma in situ and the common precancerous lesions.Typesand morphological features of mesenchymal tumors (benign and malignant). Difference between cancer and sarcoma. Concept ofmixed
tumor and carcinosarcoma.
6．The etiology and pathogenesis of the tumor（self-study）
IV.Definition
neoplasm，atypia，anaplasia，pleomorphism，heterogeneity，infiltration，metastasis，cachexia，paraneoplastic syndromes，borderline tumor，carcinoma，sarcoma，papilloma，adenoma，cystadenoma，pleomorphicadenoma，squamous cell carcinoma，carcinoma simplex，solid carcinoma，precancerous lesions，dysplasia or atypical hyperplasia，carcinoma in situ，teratoma，carcinosarcoma
V.Questions
1. Characteristics of neoplastic hyperplasia.
2. What’satypia of neoplasm?What’sits diagnostic value?
3. What’satypia of neoplasm? What are the major manifestations of atypia?
4. What are the growth patterns of neoplasm? What are the clinic significances of different growth patterns?
5. What’smetastasis of neoplasm? What are the common routes of metastasis?
6. What are the differences between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?
7. Illustrate the effects of malignant neoplasm to human body with examples？
8. Please state the differences between cancer and sarcoma.
9. What are the types of epithelial originated tumors? Please describe the pathological changes of various types.
Chapter 7 Diseases of cardiovascular system
I. Purpose and requirements
1. Master: the essential pathological changes and their consequences of atherosclerosis; the types ofcoronary atherosclerotic heart disease, the pathological changes and outcomes of myocardial infarction; the essential pathological changes of hypertension, the pathological changes and outcomes
of different organs in benign hypertension; the essential pathological changes and outcomes of rheumatism and rheumatic endocarditis;the pathological basis of chronic valvular disease and its effects on hemodynamics.
2. Be familiar with: etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; pathological changes and outcomes of rheumatic myocarditis, rheumatic pericarditis and rheumatic arthritis; pathological changes and clinical pathological correlations of infective endocarditis.
3. Understand: etiology and pathogenesis of hypertension, rheumatism, infective endocarditis andchronic valvular disease.
II. Key points and Difficulties
1. The essential pathological changes of atherosclerosis. The types, pathological changes and outcomes of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.
2. The essential pathological changes of benign hypertension, the pathological changes and outcomes of different organs in benign hypertension.
3. The essential pathological changes of rheumatism and rheumatic pancarditis;the pathological basis of chronic valvular disease and its effects on hemodynamics.
III. Contents and main points
1. The etiology, pathogenesis, pathological changes and effects on bodies of atherosclerosis.
2. The definition, types and pathological changes of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. The types, pathogenesis and pathological changes of angina pectoris. The etiology, pathogenesis, pathological changes, complications and outcomes of myocardial infarction.
3. The types, etiology, pathogenesis, pathological changes of hypertension.
4. The etiology, pathogenesis, essential pathological changes of rheumatism. The pathological changes of different organs in rheumatism and their clinical pathological correlations.
5. The types, etiology, pathogenesis, pathological changes, complications and outcomes of infective endocarditis.
6. The types, pathological changes andclinical pathological correlationsof chronic valvular disease.
IV.Definition
atherosclerosis, atheroma, aneurysm, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypertension, concentric hypertrophy, rheumatism, Aschoff body, verrucous vegetation, myocarditis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, valvular disease of the heart
V.Questions
1. What are the essential pathological changes of atherosclerosis?
2. What is myocardial infarction? Please describe its types and pathogenesis.
3. What are thecomplications and outcomes of myocardial infarction?
4. What are the pathologic changes of main organs caused by benign hypertension?
5. Compare the pathologic changes of arterial system between benign and malignant hypertension.
6. What are the essential pathological changes of rheumatism?
7. What are the pathological changes of rheumatic endocarditis and subacute infective endocarditis?
Chapter 8 Diseases of respiratory system
I. Purpose and requirements
1. Master: the pathological changes, complications and clinical pathological correlations of lobar pneumonia, lobular pneumonia and viral pneumonia; the definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); the pathological changes and complications of chronic bronchitis and chronic emphysema; the pathological changes and complications of silicosis; the pathogenesis and pathological change of chronic cor pulmonale.
2. Be familiar with: the etiology, pathogenesis of various types of pneumonia; the etiology, pathogenesis of silicosis; the pathological appearances and routes of metastasis of common respiratory tumors.
II. Key points and Difficulties
1. The pathological changes, complications and clinical pathological correlations of lobar pneumonia and lobular pneumonia.
2. The etiology, pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and cor pulmonale.
3. The pathological features of silicosis.
4. The pathological features and routes of metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lung cancer
III. Contents and main points
1. Theetiology,pathogenesis, pathological changes and clinical pathological correlations of lobar pneumonia and lobular pneumonia. Theetiology,pathological changes of viral pneumonia.
2. The definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Theetiology,pathogenesis, pathological changes and clinical pathological correlations of chronic bronchitis and chronic emphysema.
3. The etiology, pathogenesis, stages, pathological changes and complications of silicosis.
4. The etiology, pathogenesis, pathological changes and clinical pathological correlations of cor pulmonale.
5. Theetiology,common types, morphological features and clinical pathological features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lung cancer (self-study).
IV.Definition
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD），emphysema，lobar pneumonia，silicosis，pulmonary carnification，lobular pneumonia，cor pulmonale
V.Questions
1. What is COPD? Which diseases does it include?
2. Please explain the causes of cough, exceptoration, and asthma in patients with chronic bronchitis.
3. What is emphysema? What is the pathogenesis?
4. What are the pathological changes of lobar pneumonia?
5. What are the pathological changes of lobular pneumonia?
6. Please compare lobar pneumonia and lobular pneumonia.
7. What is cor pulmonale? What are the common causes?
Chapter 9 Diseases of digestive system
I. Purpose and requirements
1. To master the pathological changes of chronic atrophic gastritis and peptic ulcer, as well as complications of the latter; to master the basic pathologic changes and clinical-pathological patterns of viral hepatitis; to master the basic pathologic changes and clinical-pathological relationship of portal cirrhosis; to master the pathologic changes of gastric carcinoma and hepatic carcinoma.
2. To be familiar with etiology of peptic ulcer, viral hepatitis and each pattern of liver cirrhosis; to be familiar with the favored sites and pathways of metastasis of gastrointestinal tumors.
3. To understand pathogenesis of peptic ulcer, viral hepatitis, and each pattern of liver cirrhosis; to understand types and pathologic characters of non-specific enteritis.
4. To master the types, pathologic characters and complications of appendicitis.
II. Key points and Difficulties
1. Pathologic changes of chronic atrophic gastritis; pathologic changes and complications of gastric pepticulcer.
2. Theetiology,pathogenesis, pathologic changes and clinical-pathological correlation.
3. The gross and histological types of gastrointestinal cancers and liver cancers.
III. Contents and main points
1. Theetiology,pathogenesis, types and pathological changes of chronic superficial gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis.
2. Theetiology,pathogenesis, pathological changes and complications of pepticulcer.
3. Theetiology, pathogenesis, basic pathological changes, clinical-pathological patterns, the pathological changes of each pattern.
4. The concept and categories of liver cirrhosis. Theetiology,pathogenesis, pathological changes and clinical-pathological correlations. The etiology and pathological changes of post-necrotic liver cirrhosis. The etiology and pathological changes of biliary cirrhosis.
5. Theetiology,pathological changes, metastasis and clinical-pathological correlations of gastric carcinoma, liver cancer, esophagus carcinoma and colonic carcinoma.
IV.Definition
chronic superficial gastritis,chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, peptic ulcer，early gastric carcinoma，advanced gastriccarcinoma，hepatitis，acidophilic body，spottynecrosis，lyticnecrosis，piecemeal necrosis，bridging necrosis，cirrhosis of liver，caputmedusae，postnecrotic cirrhosis，primary carcinoma of liver
V.Questions
1. What are the characters of pathological changes of chronic atrophic gastritis?
2. Please state the pathological changes and complications of gastric pepticulcer.
3. How to distinguish the gross appearance of benign and malignant ulcers?
4. What are the pathological changes of viral hepatitis?
5. Please state the patterns of degeneration and necrosis of viral hepatitis.
6. Please state the major pathologic changes and clinical-pathological patterns of viral hepatitis.
7. What is liver cirrhosis? Please state the common causes and pathological changes of liver cirrhosis.
8. Please state the major collateral circulation and complications of portal hypertension.
Chapter 10 Diseases of urinary system
I. Purpose and requirements
1. To master the basic concepts, major pathological changes, types, pathological changes of each type, as well as clinical-pathological correlations of glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis and interstitial nephritis.
2. To be familiar with etiology and pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis.
II. Key points and Difficulties
The etiology, pathogenesis, types, pathological changes and clinical-pathological correlations of glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis.
III. Contents and main points
1. Theetiology, pathogenesis, types, pathological changes, clinical-pathological correlations and outcomes of primary glomerulonephritis.
2. Theetiology,pathogenesis, types, pathological changes and clinical-pathological correlations of pyelonephritis.
3. The pathological changes and clinical-pathological correlations of renal tumors and bladder tumors.
IV.Definition
glomerulonephritis, acute diffuse proliferative glomerulo- nephritis, nephritic syndrome, membranoproliferative glomerulo- nephritis, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, crescentic
glomerulonephritis ， nephrotic syndrome, minimal change
glomerulonephritis，granular contractedkideny，pyelo-nephritis，renalcell carcinoma
V.Questions
1. What about etiology and pathogenesis of primary glomerulonephritis?
2. What are the basic pathological changes of glomerulonephritis?
3. How to explain the clinical manifestations of the patient by the pathological changes of diffuse endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis?
4. What is rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis? What are the characters of its pathological changes?
5. What is nephrotic syndrome? Which types of glomerulonephritis may induce nephritic syndrome? What about their pathological characters?
6. What is the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome?
7. What are the pathological changes of chronic sclerosing glomerulonephritis? How to explain its clinical manifestations?
8. What are the similarities and differences about gross appearance and microscopic appearance between chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis?
Chanpter11 Infectious Diseases
I. Purpose and requirements
1. Understand the transmission and pathogenesis of the infectious disease .
2. Understand the etiology and pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
3. Master the basic pathological changes of tuberculosis and its transformation; the occurrence, development and pathological features of primary and secondary pulmonary tuberculosis and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.
4. Familiar with the types and characteristics of blood-transmitted tuberculosis.
5. Familiar with the characteristics and prognosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.
6.Master the pathological features of typhoid fever and bacillary dysentery and its clinicopathological relationship.
7. Understand the etiology and pathogenesis of typhoid and bacillary dysentery.
II. Key points and Difficulties
1. Basic pathological changes of tuberculosis and its transformation; The types and pathological features of primary pulmonary tuberculosis and secondary pulmonary tuberculosis.
2. The pathological changes and clinicopathologic connection of typhoid and dysentery.
III. Contents and main points
1. Etiology and pathogenesis of tuberculosis, basic lesions and transformation; Characteristics, development and outcome of primary pulmonary tuberculosis; Pathological features, types and clinicopathologic connection of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis; Pathological changes of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.
2. Etiology,transmitted-routes and basic lesions of typhoid fever; pathological changes of typhoid and clinicopathological relationship, complications and outcomes.
3. The etiology and transmission of bacillarydysentery,pathogenesis, pathology and clinicopathological link.
IV.Definition
Tuberculosis, primary complex, tubercle, tuberculoma, cold abscess, leprosy, typhoid fever, typhoid granuloma, bacillary dysentery
V.Questions
1. What are the basic changes of TB? What are the transformation of TB?
2. What is the primary complex?
3. What are the common types of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis? Please list the characteristics of each lesion.
4. What is the difference between primary and secondary pulmonary tuberculosis?
5. What are the common types of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis? Please list the characteristics of each lesion.
6. What are the basic lesions of typhoid fever? What are the characteristics of typhoid fever in the intestinal tract?
7. What kind of inflammatory disease does acute bacterial dysentery belong to? What are the characteristics of the lesion?
Chanpter 12 SexuallyTransmittedDisease
I. Purpose and requirements
1. Master the characteristics, clinicopathological relationship of syphilis, AIDS and condyloma acuminatum.
2. Familiar with the etiology, transmission routes and pathogenesis of syphilis, AIDS and condyloma acuminatum .
II. Key points and Difficulties
1. The basic pathological changes of condyloma acuminatum, AIDS and syphilis
2. The pathological features of syphilis in third phase.
III. Contents and main points
1. Basic lesions of syphilis. The lesions of first stage, second stage, third stage syphilis.
2. The stages and pathological features of congenital syphilis.
3. Theetiology,transmission pathways and basic lesions of condyloma acuminatum, syphilis and AIDS.
IV.Definition
sexually transmitted disease, condyloma acuminatum, gumma, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, venerall diseases, gonorrhea, human papillomavirus,HPV, koilocyte, syphilis, treponema pallidum, proliferative endoarteritis, perivasculitis, syphiloma, chancre, hard chancre, syphilid, autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus
V.Questions
1. What are the basic lesions of syphilis? Which organs or tissues are most often involved in late-stage?
2. What is gumma? What is the difference between tubercle and gumma?
3. What are the basic diseases of AIDS? What are the characteristics of the each lesion?
4. What are the common involved parts and lesions of condyloma acuminatum?
5. What are the common opportunistic infections and malignancies in AIDS?
Chanpter 13 Parasitic Diseases
I. Purpose and requirements
Master the pathological features and clinico-pathological relationship of schistosomiasis and amoeba.
II. Key points and Difficulties
The lesions caused by schistosoma japonicum eggs, hepatic and intestinal schistosomiasis, and their clinicopathological relationship. Pathologic changes and clinicopathological relationship of intestinal amoeba.
III. Contents and main points
1. Theetiology,pathogenesis, basic lesion of amoeba; the pathological changes and clinicopathological relationship of intestinal amoeba.
2. Theetiology,pathogenesis, basic lesion of schistosomiasis; the pathological changes, clinicopathological relationship of acute and chronic schistosomiasis.
IV.Definition
Parasitosis, amoebiasis, amoeboma, amoebic dysentery, schistosomiasis, eosinophilic abscess, pseudotubercle, pipe stem cirrhosis
V.Questions
1. Brief description of basic changes of schistosomiasis
2. What are the characteristics of the lesions caused by the egg deposition of Schistosoma japonicum?
3. What is pipe stem cirrhosis? What is the difference between the cirrhosis caused by schistosomiasis and portal cirrhosis?
4.What is the difference between intestinal amoeba and bacillary dysentery?
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